Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A cattle-derived human H5N1 isolate suppresses innate immunity despite efficient replication in human respiratory organoids

doi: 10.1101/2025.11.02.684669

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antiviral drug sensitivity of viruses in respiratory organoids. Respiratory organoids were infected with 200 PFU of VN1203-H5N1 or TX37-H5N1 or 100,000 PFU of Cal04-H1N1. Infected cells were incubated in the presence of DMSO, 10 µM oseltamivir acid, 20 µg/mL favipiravir, or 40 nM baloxavir acid. Culture supernatants were collected at 72 h.p.i., and virus titers were determined by plaque assay on MDCK cells. Data are presented as the mean ± s.d. (n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. The dotted line indicates the detection limit (1.0 log10 PFU/ml).

Article Snippet: The neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir acid and the polymerase inhibitor favipiravir (T-705) were purchased from MedChemExpress (Cat. # HY-13318) and Selleck Chemicals (Cat. # S7975), respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Incubation, Virus, Plaque Assay

Journal: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Article Title: Efficacy of Oseltamivir Against Seasonal Influenza H1N1 and the Efficacy of a Novel Combination Treatment In Vitro and In Vivo in Mouse Studies

doi: 10.1111/irv.70176

Figure Lengend Snippet: Seasonal influenza activity and its correlation with the effects of oseltamivir treatment. (a) Age and gender distribution. (b) The fold change compared to A/Hong Kong/415742/09 (EC 50 = 0.41 μM, IC 50 = 0.16 nM). (c) The correlation between HA/NA activity and EC 50 of oseltamivir. (d) The correlation between HA/NA quantification and EC 50 of oseltamivir, as well as the fold change in mRNA expression compared to the reference H1N1 (A/Hong Kong/415742/09), was calculated using the 2 ‐Δct method, ΔCt = Ct (seasonal strain)—Ct (reference strain). All strains were diluted to an equal virus titer before RNA extraction and RT‐PCR.

Article Snippet: Oseltamivir acid (Oseltamivir carboxylate, MedChemExpress, USA) was dissolved in water (100 mM), while molnupiravir (EIDD‐2801, MedChemExpress, USA) and baloxavir (baloxavir acid, MedChemExpress, USA) were dissolved in DMSO (50 and 10 mM) for in vitro studies.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Expressing, Virus, RNA Extraction, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Article Title: Efficacy of Oseltamivir Against Seasonal Influenza H1N1 and the Efficacy of a Novel Combination Treatment In Vitro and In Vivo in Mouse Studies

doi: 10.1111/irv.70176

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of molnupiravir and baloxavir against influenza H1N1 strains in vitro. (a) Seven strains were selected from a total of 41 seasonal strains that showed high viral activity during oseltamivir treatment. The EC 50 was compared to the reference H1N1 (A/Hong Kong/415742/09). (b) The synergistic effect was analyzed using Synergy Finder, and the results were based on the cell viability assay. (c) The drug concentration unit was μM. M and B refer to molnupiravir and baloxavir, respectively. The results were obtained from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Oseltamivir acid (Oseltamivir carboxylate, MedChemExpress, USA) was dissolved in water (100 mM), while molnupiravir (EIDD‐2801, MedChemExpress, USA) and baloxavir (baloxavir acid, MedChemExpress, USA) were dissolved in DMSO (50 and 10 mM) for in vitro studies.

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay, Viability Assay, Concentration Assay